A Topical Dictionary: Search for C

Dictionary Results For "C" [?]/[OPML]

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See c

Translingual

{{Letter |page=C |NATO=Charlie |Morse=–·–· |Character=C3 |Braille=⠃ }}

Etymology 1

Image:EtruscanC-01.svg|left|50px|Etruscan 𐌂 (C), the source for Latin C From Etruscan , from Greek {{term|sc=Grek|Γ|tr=G||Gamma}}, from Phoenician {{term|sc=Phnx|𐤂|tr=G||gimmel}}.

Letter

A letter of the Latin script, the third of many alphabets, including the English alphabet.

Etymology 2

A standardization of and because the latter happens to be an abbreviation of {{term|centum|lang=la||hundred}}, from abbreviation of ƆIC, an alternate form of >I<, from tally stick markings resembling {{term|sc=unicode||Ж}} (a superimposed and ), from the practice of designating each tenth X notch with an extra cut.

Alternative forms

C, Ⅽ, ⅽ

Numeral

cardinal number one hundred (100).

Usage notes

With a bar over the numeral, i.e., as XHTML::MediaWiki::Parser=HASH(0x88e70b4)CXHTML::MediaWiki::Parser=HASH(0x88e70b4), it represents one hundred thousand.

Derived terms

English: c-note

Etymology 3

abbreviation
abbreviation
From its position as the twelfth element of the series {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}

Symbol

carbon.
Symbol for the coulomb, an Appendix:SI units|SI unit of electric charge.
The digit for 12.
: 0x0000000C
IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any cytosine
IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for cysteine

Category:Symbols for SI units

----

English

Pronunciation

IPA: /siː/,
:
{{IPA|/s/|/k/|/tʃ/|/ks/|/ʃ/}}, ...

Letter

The letter cee, the third letter of the Appendix:Roman script|English alphabet.

Symbol

A standard size of dry cell battery between A and D.
Guitar chord – C – Played 0 1 0 2 3 0.

Noun

A particular high-level programming language.
$100; a c-note.
A musical note; middle c.
An academic grade better than a D and worse than a B.

Proper noun

Head of the Secret Intelligence Service, incorrectly identified in the James Bond literature as "M" ("C" during WW2 was Col. Stewart Menzies - from whence "M")

Derived terms

Dutch

Pronunciation

{{IPA|/s/|/k/|/x/|/ks/|/ʃ/}}, ...

Letter

The letter cee#Dutch|cee, the third letter of the Dutch alphabet.

Finnish

Noun

cum laude approbatur

----

Latin

Pronunciation

IPA: /k/

Letter

The third letter of the classical Latin alphabet.

Category:Latin letters

----

Romanian

Pronunciation

IPA: /ʧe/

Letter

C (capital, lowercase c)

The fifth letter of the Romanian alphabet representing the phonemes /k/ and /ʧ/. Preceded by B and followed by D.

Usage notes

When followed by the letters i or e, this letter represents the phoneme /ʧ/, as in cel /ʧel/ (the) and citesc /ʧi'tesk/ (I read). When followed by "hi" or "he" (chi & che) and in all other cases, it represents /k/.

Category:Romanian alphabet

an:C br:C de:C el:C eo:C fr:C gl:C ko:C hr:C id:C ia:C it:C ku:C la:C lt:C li:C hu:C ml:C ms:C ja:C pl:C pt:C ro:C qu:C ru:C sq:C simple:C sk:C sl:C fi:C sv:C vi:C chr:C tr:C zh:C

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English Gastropoda \Gas*trop"o*da\, n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, stomach
+ -poda.] (Zool.)
One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes
most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and
fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat,
muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The
head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See
Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.]
[1913 Webster]

Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.:
(a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the
Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and
Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura, including the
Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura,
including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.
[1913 Webster]

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English Language \Lan"guage\, n. [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua
the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See
Tongue, cf. Lingual.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas;
specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the
voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the
organs of the throat and mouth.
[1913 Webster]

Note: Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which
usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two
or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to
the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one
person communicates his ideas to another. This is the
primary sense of language, the use of which is to
communicate the thoughts of one person to another
through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are
represented to the eye by letters, marks, or
characters, which form words.
[1913 Webster]

2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other
instrumentality.
[1913 Webster]

3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas,
peculiar to a particular nation.
[1913 Webster]

4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an
individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style.
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Others for language all their care express. --Pope.
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5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man
express their feelings or their wants.
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6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of
ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
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There was . . . language in their very gesture.
--Shak.
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7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or
department of knowledge; as, medical language; the
language of chemistry or theology.
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8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.]
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All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell
down and worshiped the golden image. --Dan. iii. 7.
[1913 Webster]

9. Any system of symbols created for the purpose of
communicating ideas, emotions, commands, etc., between
sentient agents.
[PJC]

10. Specifically: (computers) Any set of symbols and the
rules for combining them which are used to specify to a
computer the actions that it is to take; also referred to
as a computer lanugage or programming language; as,
JAVA is a new and flexible high-level language which has
achieved popularity very rapidly.
[PJC]

Note: Computer languages are classed a low-level if each
instruction specifies only one operation of the
computer, or high-level if each instruction may specify
a complex combination of operations. Machine language
and assembly language are low-level computer
languages. FORTRAN, COBOL and C are high-level
computer languages. Other computer languages, such as
JAVA, allow even more complex combinations of low-level
operations to be performed with a single command. Many
programs, such as databases, are supplied with special
languages adapted to manipulate the objects of concern
for that specific program. These are also high-level
languages.
[PJC]

Language master, a teacher of languages. [Obs.]

Syn: Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction;
discourse; conversation; talk.

Usage: Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect.
Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended
use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the
language of articulate sounds; tongue is the
Anglo-Saxon term for language, esp. for spoken
language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the
forms of construction peculiar to a particular
language; dialects are varieties of expression which
spring up in different parts of a country among people
speaking substantially the same language.
[1913 Webster]

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English Legate \Leg"ate\ (l[e^]g"[asl]t), n. [OE. legat, L. legatus, fr.
legare to send with a commission or charge, to depute, fr.
lex, legis, law: cf. F. l['e]gat, It. legato. See Legal.]
1. An ambassador or envoy.
[1913 Webster]

2. An ecclesiastic representing the pope and invested with
the authority of the Holy See.
[1913 Webster]

Note: Legates are of three kinds: (a) Legates a latere, now
always cardinals. They are called ordinary or
extraordinary legates, the former governing provinces,
and the latter class being sent to foreign countries on
extraordinary occasions. (b) Legati missi, who
correspond to the ambassadors of temporal governments.
(c) Legati nati, or legates by virtue of their
office, as the archbishops of Salzburg and Prague.
[1913 Webster]

3. (Rom. Hist.)
(a) An official assistant given to a general or to the
governor of a province.
(b) Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province.
[1913 Webster]

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English Libration \Li*bra"tion\ (l[-i]*br[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [L. libratio:
cf. F. libration.]
1. The act or state of librating. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Astron.) A real or apparent libratory motion, like that
of a balance before coming to rest.
[1913 Webster]

Libration of the moon, any one of those small periodical
changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively
to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at
opposite limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It
receives different names according to the manner in which
it takes place; as: (a) Libration in longitude, that
which, depending on the place of the moon in its elliptic
orbit, causes small portions near the eastern and western
borders alternately to appear and disappear each month.
(b) Libration in latitude, that which depends on the
varying position of the moon's axis in respect to the
spectator, causing the alternate appearance and
disappearance of either pole. (c) Diurnal or parallactic
libration, that which brings into view on the upper limb,
at rising and setting, some parts not in the average
visible hemisphere.
[1913 Webster]

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English Monkey \Mon"key\, n.; pl. Monkeys. [Cf. OIt. monicchio, It.
monnino, dim. of monna an ape, also dame, mistress, contr.
fr. madonna. See Madonna.]
1. (Zool.)
(a) In the most general sense, any one of the Quadrumana,
including apes, baboons, and lemurs.
(b) Any species of Quadrumana, except the lemurs.
(c) Any one of numerous species of Quadrumana (esp. such
as have a long tail and prehensile feet) exclusive of
apes and baboons.
[1913 Webster]

Note: The monkeys are often divided into three groups: (a)
Catarrhines, or Simidae. These have an oblong head,
with the oblique flat nostrils near together. Some have
no tail, as the apes. All these are natives of the Old
World. (b) Platyrhines, or Cebidae. These have a
round head, with a broad nasal septum, so that the
nostrils are wide apart and directed downward. The tail
is often prehensile, and the thumb is short and not
opposable. These are natives of the New World. (c)
Strepsorhines, or Lemuroidea. These have a pointed
head with curved nostrils. They are natives of Southern
Asia, Africa, and Madagascar.
[1913 Webster]

2. A term of disapproval, ridicule, or contempt, as for a
mischievous child.
[1913 Webster]

This is the monkey's own giving out; she is
persuaded I will marry her. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]

3. The weight or hammer of a pile driver, that is, a very
heavy mass of iron, which, being raised on high, falls on
the head of the pile, and drives it into the earth; the
falling weight of a drop hammer used in forging.
[1913 Webster]

4. A small trading vessel of the sixteenth century.
[1913 Webster]

Monkey boat. (Naut.)
(a) A small boat used in docks.
(b) A half-decked boat used on the River Thames.

Monkey block (Naut.), a small single block strapped with a
swivel. --R. H. Dana, Jr.

Monkey flower (Bot.), a plant of the genus Mimulus; -- so
called from the appearance of its gaping corolla. --Gray.

Monkey gaff (Naut.), a light gaff attached to the topmast
for the better display of signals at sea.

Monkey jacket, a short closely fitting jacket, worn by
sailors.

Monkey rail (Naut.), a second and lighter rail raised about
six inches above the quarter rail of a ship.

Monkey shine, monkey trick. [Slang, U.S.]

Monkey trick, a mischievous prank. --Saintsbury.

Monkey wheel. See Gin block, under 5th Gin.
[1913 Webster]

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English Motion \Mo"tion\, n. [F., fr. L. motio, fr. movere, motum, to
move. See Move.]
1. The act, process, or state of changing place or position;
movement; the passing of a body from one place or position
to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -- opposed
to rest.
[1913 Webster]

Speaking or mute, all comeliness and grace
attends thee, and each word, each motion, forms.
--Milton.
[1913 Webster]

2. Power of, or capacity for, motion.
[1913 Webster]

Devoid of sense and motion. --Milton.
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3. Direction of movement; course; tendency; as, the motion of
the planets is from west to east.
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In our proper motion we ascend. --Milton.
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4. Change in the relative position of the parts of anything;
action of a machine with respect to the relative movement
of its parts.
[1913 Webster]

This is the great wheel to which the clock owes its
motion. --Dr. H. More.
[1913 Webster]

5. Movement of the mind, desires, or passions; mental act, or
impulse to any action; internal activity.
[1913 Webster]

Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his
heart, knowing that every such motion proceeds from
God. --South.
[1913 Webster]

6. A proposal or suggestion looking to action or progress;
esp., a formal proposal made in a deliberative assembly;
as, a motion to adjourn.
[1913 Webster]

Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]

7. (Law) An application made to a court or judge orally in
open court. Its object is to obtain an order or rule
directing some act to be done in favor of the applicant.
--Mozley & W.
[1913 Webster]

8. (Mus.) Change of pitch in successive sounds, whether in
the same part or in groups of parts.
[1913 Webster]

The independent motions of different parts sounding
together constitute counterpoint. --Grove.
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Note: Conjunct motion is that by single degrees of the scale.
Contrary motion is that when parts move in opposite
directions. Disjunct motion is motion by skips. Oblique
motion is that when one part is stationary while
another moves. Similar or direct motion is that when
parts move in the same direction.
[1913 Webster]

9. A puppet show or puppet. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]

What motion's this? the model of Nineveh? --Beau. &
Fl.
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Note: Motion, in mechanics, may be simple or compound.

Simple motions are: (a) straight translation, which, if
of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. (b)
Simple rotation, which may be either continuous or
reciprocating, and when reciprocating is called
oscillating. (c) Helical, which, if of indefinite
duration, must be reciprocating.

Compound motion consists of combinations of any of the
simple motions.
[1913 Webster]

Center of motion, Harmonic motion, etc. See under
Center, Harmonic, etc.

Motion block (Steam Engine), a crosshead.

Perpetual motion (Mech.), an incessant motion conceived to
be attainable by a machine supplying its own motive forces
independently of any action from without. According to the
law of conservation of energy, such perpetual motion is
impossible, and no device has yet been built that is
capable of perpetual motion.
[1913 Webster +PJC]

Syn: See Movement.
[1913 Webster]

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English Symbol \Sym"bol\ (s[i^]m"b[o^]l), n. [L. symbolus, symbolum, Gr.
sy`mbolon a sign by which one knows or infers a thing, from
symba`llein to throw or put together, to compare; sy`n with +
ba`llein to throw: cf. F. symbole. Cf. Emblem, Parable.]
1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything
which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by
resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation;
a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage;
the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience.
[1913 Webster]

A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it
represents, e. g., an actual part chosen to
represent the whole, or a lower form or species used
as the representative of a higher in the same kind.
--Coleridge.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Math.) Any character used to represent a quantity, an
operation, a relation, or an abbreviation.
[1913 Webster]

Note: In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the
numerical expression which defines its position
relatively to the assumed axes.
[1913 Webster]

3. (Theol.) An abstract or compendium of faith or doctrine; a
creed, or a summary of the articles of religion.
[1913 Webster]

4. [Gr. ? contributions.] That which is thrown into a common
fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed duty. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]

They do their work in the days of peace . . . and
come to pay their symbol in a war or in a plague.
--Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]

5. Share; allotment. [Obs.]
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The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all
appear to receive their symbol. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]

6. (Chem.) An abbreviation standing for the name of an
element and consisting of the initial letter of the Latin
or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter with
a following one; as, C for carbon, Na for sodium
(Natrium), Fe for iron (Ferrum), Sn for tin (Stannum),
Sb for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names
and symbols under Element.
[1913 Webster]

Note: In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not
only for the elements, but also for their grouping in
formulas, radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their
composition, reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram
of Benzene nucleus, under Benzene.
[1913 Webster]

Syn: Emblem; figure; type. See Emblem.
[1913 Webster]

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English higher programming language \higher programming language\ n.
(Computers)
A computer programming language with an instruction set
allowing one instruction to code for several assembly
language instructions.

Note: The aggregation of several assembly-language
instructions into one instruction allows much greater
efficiency in writing computer programs. Most programs
are now written in some higher programming language,
such as BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++,
PROLOG, or JAVA.
[PJC]

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English C \C\ (s[=e])
1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from
the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the
sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the
latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the
Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C
was the same letter as the Greek [Gamma], [gamma], and
came from the Greek alphabet. The Greeks got it from the
Ph[oe]nicians. The English name of C is from the Latin
name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French.
Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other
sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L.
acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eager, vinegar; L.
cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare,
OF. cerchier, E. search.
[1913 Webster]

Note: See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 221-228.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Mus.)
(a) The keynote of the normal or "natural" scale, which
has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also,
the third note of the relative minor scale of the
same.
(b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which
each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or
crotchets); for alla breve time it is written ?.
(c) The "C clef," a modification of the letter C, placed
on any line of the staff, shows that line to be middle
C.
[1913 Webster]

3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for
200, etc.
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C spring, a spring in the form of the letter C.
[1913 Webster]

WordNet C
adj : being ten more than ninety [syn: hundred, a hundred, {one
hundred}, 100]
n 1: a degree on the Centigrade scale of temperature [syn: {degree
Centigrade}, degree Celsius]
2: the speed at which light travels in a vacuum; the constancy
and universality of the speed of light is recognized by
defining it to be exactly 299,792,458 meters per second
[syn: speed of light, light speed]
3: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four
nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar
(ribose) [syn: deoxycytidine monophosphate]
4: a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine;
pairs with guanine [syn: cytosine]
5: an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in
three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and
diamond; occurs in all organic compounds [syn: carbon, {atomic
number 6}]
6: ten 10s [syn: hundred, 100, century, one C, centred]
7: a unit of electrical charge equal to the amount of charge
transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second [syn: coulomb,
ampere-second]
8: a general-purpose programing language closely associated
with the UNIX operating system
9: the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet
10: street names for cocaine [syn: coke, blow, nose candy,
snow]

Jargon C++ /C'-pluhs-pluhs/ n. Designed by Bjarne Stroustrup of AT&T Bell Labs
as a successor to C. Now one of the languages of choice, although
many hackers still grumble that it is the successor to either Algol 68
or Ada (depending on generation), and a prime example of
second-system effect. Almost anything that can be done in any language
can be done in C++, but it requires a language lawyer to know what is
and what is not legal-- the design is _almost_ too large to hold in even
hackers' heads. Much of the cruft results from C++'s attempt to be
backward compatible with C. Stroustrup himself has said in his
retrospective book "The Design and Evolution of C++" (p. 207), "Within
C++, there is a much smaller and cleaner language struggling to get
out." [Many hackers would now add "Yes, and it's called Java" --ESR]

Jargon C n. 1. The third letter of the English alphabet. 2. ASCII 1000011. 3.
The name of a programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie during the
early 1970s and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}; so called
because many features derived from an earlier compiler named `B' in
commemoration of _its_ parent, BCPL. (BCPL was in turn descended from an
earlier Algol-derived language, CPL.) Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled
the question by designing C++, there was a humorous debate over
whether C's successor should be named `D' or `P'. C became immensely
popular outside Bell Labs after about 1980 and is now the dominant
language in systems and microcomputer applications programming. See also
languages of choice, indent style.

C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain varying
according to the speaker, as "a language that combines all the elegance
and power of assembly language with all the readability and
maintainability of assembly language".

FOLDOC C#

/see sharp/ An object-oriented language devised
and promoted by Microsoft, intended to replace Java, which
it strongly resembles.

(http://csharpindex.com/).

(2001-10-04)

FOLDOC C

A programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie
at AT&T Bell Labs ca. 1972 for systems programming on the
PDP-11 and immediately used to reimplement Unix.

It was called "C" because many features derived from an
earlier compiler named "B". In fact, C was briefly named
"NB". B was itself strongly influenced by BCPL. Before
Bjarne Stroustrup settled the question by designing C++,
there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should
be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL").

C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro
preprocessor}, cpp.

Partly due to its distribution with Unix, C became immensely
popular outside Bell Labs after about 1980 and is now the
dominant language in systems and microcomputer applications
programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity,
efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily
adapted to new environments.

C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain,
as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of
assembly language with all the readability and
maintainability of assembly language".

Ritchie's original C, known as K&R C after Kernighan and
Ritchie's book, has been standardised (and simultaneously
modified) as ANSI C.

See also ACCU, ae, c68, c386, C-Interp, cxref,
dbx, dsp56k-gcc, dsp56165-gcc, gc, GCT, GNU C,
GNU superoptimiser, Harvest C, malloc, mpl,
Pthreads, ups.

[Jargon File]

(1996-06-01)

FOLDOC (c)

An ASCII rendition of the encircled "c" copyright symbol.
Unfortunately, this rendition is not legally valid, the circle
must be complete. The word "copyright" in full is perfectly
adequate though.

(In LaTeX the copyright symbol is written as \copyright).

[Jargon File]

(1995-02-03)

FOLDOC C*

An object-oriented, data-parallel
superset of ANSI C with synchronous semantics, for the
Connection Machine, designed by Thinking Machines, 1987.
C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for
parallel execution in domains.

An unimplemented language called "Parallel C" [which one?]
influenced the design of C*. Dataparallel-C was based on
C*.

Current version: 6.x, as of 1993-07-27.

["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming",
J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing,
L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16].

["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986].

[Jargon File]

(2000-11-14)

FOLDOC C+-

(C More or Less) A subject-oriented language (SOL).
Each C+- class instance, known as a subject, holds hidden
members, known as prejudices, agendas or undeclared
preferences, which are impervious to outside messages; as well
as public members, known as boasts or claims.

The following C operators are overridden as shown:

> better than
< worse than
>> way better than
<< forget it
! not on your life
== comparable, other things being equal
!== get a life, guy!

C+- is strongly typed, based on stereotyping and
self-righteous logic. The Boolean variables TRUE and
FALSE (known as constants in other, less realistic languages)
are supplemented with CREDIBLE and DUBIOUS, which are fuzzier
than Zadeh's traditional fuzzy categories. All Booleans can
be declared with the modifiers strong and weak. Weak
implication is said to "preserve deniability" and was added at
the request of the DoD to ensure compatibility with future
versions of Ada. Well-formed falsehoods (WFFs) are
assignment-compatible with all Booleans. What-if and
why-not interactions are aided by the special conditional
EVENIFNOT X THEN Y.

C+- supports information hiding and, among friend classes
only, rumor sharing. Borrowing from the Eiffel lexicon,
non-friend classes can be killed by arranging contracts. Note
that friendships are intransitive, volatile and
non-Abelian.

Operator precedence rules can be suspended with the
directive #pragma dwim, known as the "Do what I mean"
pragma.

ANSIfication will be firmly resisted. C+-'s slogan is "Be
Your Own Standard."

[Jargon File]

(1999-06-15)

FOLDOC C++

One of the most used object-oriented languages, a
superset of C developed primarily by Bjarne Stroustrup
at AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1986.

In C++ a class is a user-defined type, syntactically a
struct with member functions. Constructors and
destructors are member functions called to create or destroy
instances. A friend is a nonmember function that is
allowed to access the private portion of a class. C++ allows
implicit type conversion, function inlining, overloading
of operators and function names, and {default function
arguments}. It has streams for I/O and references.

C++ 2.0 (May 1989) introduced multiple inheritance,
type-safe linkage, pointers to members, and {abstract
classes}.

C++ 2.1 was introduced in ["Annotated C++ Reference Manual",
B. Stroustrup et al, A-W 1990].

{MS-DOS
(ftp://grape.ecs.clarkson.edu/pub/msdos/djgpp/djgpp.zip)},
{Unix ANSI C++
(ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g++-1.39.0.tar.Z)} - X3J16
committee. (They're workin' on it).

See also cfront, LEDA, uC++.

Usenet newsgroup: news:comp.lang.c++.

["The C++ Programming Language", Bjarne Stroustrup, A-W,
1986].

(1996-06-06)

FOLDOC C+@

(Formerly Calico). An object-oriented language from {Bell
Laboratories} which uniformly represents all data as a pointer
to a self-described object. C+@ provides {multiple
inheritance} with delegation and with control over which
methods come from which delegated object; and {default
methodologies}. It has a simple syntax with emphasis on
graphics. It was originally used for prototyping of
telecommunication services.

Unir Tech has the exclusive license from Bell Labs to
distribute C+@. Unfortunately Unir is owned and operated by
well-known anti-IETF ranter, Jim Fleming, which may have had
something to do with the language's rapid disappearence from
the radar screen.

It runs under SunOS and compiles to Vcode.

E-mail: Jim Vandendorpe .

["A Dynamic C-Based Object-Oriented System for Unix", S.
Engelstad et al, IEEE Software 8(3):73-85 (May 1991)].

["The C+@ Programming Language", J. Fleming, Dr Dobbs J, Oct
1993, pp.24-32].

[Jargon File]

(2002-05-18)

Moby Dictionary 152
Housing Units (2000): 79
Land area (2000): 2.606504 sq. miles (6.750813 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 2.606504 sq. miles (6.750813 sq. km)
FIPS code: 17267
Located within: California (CA) , FIPS 06
Location: 39.759419 N , 120.583560 W
ZIP Codes (1990):
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
C-Road , CA
C-Road
C , CA
C