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Dictionary Results For "principal" [?]/[OPML]
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Wiktionary Articles [RSS] - [GNU, www.Wiktionary.org]

English

Pronunciation

  • An audio transcript can be found at en-us-principal.ogg


Adjective

  1. Primary; most important in a group.
  2. : Smith is the principal architect of this design.
  3. : The principal cause of the failure was poor planning.


Usage notes


This is generally not used in the comparative or superlative in formal writing, as the meaning is already superlative. However, one may occasionally see, e.g., more principal meaning more likely to be principal or more nearly principal. There are similar issues with unique.

The confused may care to remember that 'The principal alphabetic principle places A before E' as a reminder of the relative spelling.

Translations

Noun

  1. In the Context of The money originally invested or loaned, on which basis interest and returns are calculated.
  2. : A portion of your mortgage payment goes to reduce the principal, and the rest covers interest.
  3. The principal administrator of a school.
  4. : Now you're in trouble! You're going to see the principal for that.
  5. A company you represent in as a sales person.
  6. : One of my principals sells metal shims. I can get those for you.


Translations

See also


----

French

Adjective

  1. main; principal


Derived terms

----

Romanian

Etymology

principal#French|principal, principalis

Adjective

  1. principal#English|principal, primary, chief, foremost


Declension

Synonyms


Antonyms


----

Spanish

Adjective

  1. main, most important
  2. essential


Noun

  1. chief, boss


Related terms


ca:principal et:principal fa:principal fr:principal io:principal id:principal ku:principal lt:principal hu:principal pl:principal pt:principal ru:principal simple:principal fi:principal ta:principal te:principal vi:principal tr:principal zh:principal

GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English Principal \Prin"ci*pal\, n.
1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who
acts independently, or who has controlling authority or
influence; as, the principal of a faction, a school, a
firm, etc.; -- distinguished from a subordinate,
abettor, auxiliary, or assistant.
[1913 Webster]

2. Hence: (Law)
(a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is
present at it, -- as distinguished from an accessory.
(b) A chief obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as
distinguished from a surety.
(c) One who employs another to act for him, -- as
distinguished from an agent. --Wharton. --Bouvier.
--Burrill.
[1913 Webster]

3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something
fundamental or especially conspicuous. Specifically:
(a) (Com.) A capital sum of money, placed out at interest,
due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so called in
distinction from interest or profit.
(b) (Arch. & Engin.) The construction which gives shape
and strength to a roof, -- generally a truss of timber
or iron, but there are roofs with stone principals.
Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of
framing.
(c) (Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop,
an octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is
four feet long, on the pedal eight feet. In Germany
this term corresponds to the English open diapason.
(d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. --Cowell.
(e) pl. The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing.
--Spenser. --J. H. Walsh.
(f) One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with
which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were
formerly crowned. --Oxf. Gloss.
(g) A principal or essential point or rule; a principle.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
GNU Project's publication of CIDE, the Collaborative International Dictionary of English Principal \Prin"ci*pal\, a. [F., from L. principalis. See
Prince.]
1. Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or
degree; most considerable or important; chief; main; as,
the principal officers of a Government; the principal men
of a state; the principal productions of a country; the
principal arguments in a case.
[1913 Webster]

Wisdom is the principal thing. --Prov. iv. 7.
[1913 Webster]

2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely. [A Latinism]
[Obs.] --Spenser.
[1913 Webster]

Principal axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis.

Principal axes of a quadric (Geom.), three lines in which
the principal planes of the solid intersect two and two,
as in an ellipsoid.

Principal challenge. (Law) See under Challenge.

Principal plane. See Plane of projection
(a), under Plane.

Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three planes each of which
is at right angles to the other two, and bisects all
chords of the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an
ellipsoid.

Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of
sight upon the plane of projection.

Principal ray (Persp.), the line drawn through the point of
sight perpendicular to the perspective plane.

Principal section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through
the optical axis of a crystal.
[1913 Webster]
WordNet principal
adj : most important element; "the chief aim of living"; "the main
doors were of solid glass"; "the principal rivers of
America"; "the principal example"; "policemen were
primary targets" [syn: chief(a), main(a), primary(a),
principal(a)]
n 1: the original amount of a debt on which interest is
calculated
2: the educator who has executive authority for a school; "she
sent unruly pupils to see the principal" [syn: {school
principal}, head teacher, head]
3: an actor who plays a principal role [syn: star, lead]
4: capital as contrasted with the income derived from it [syn:
corpus, principal sum]
5: the major party to a financial transaction at a stock
exchange; buys and sells for his own account [syn: dealer]
Moby Dictionary
A per se , English horn , academic dean , ace , administration ,
administrator , all-absorbing , arch , assets , backing , banner ,
bassoon , block flute , bombard , boss , bourdon , capital ,
capital gains distribution , capital structure , capitalization ,
cardinal , cash reserves , cello , central , chairman , champion ,
chancellor , chief , chief executive officer , circulating capital ,
claribel , clarinet , clarion , commander , concert flute , controlling ,
cornet , cornopean , corpus , cromorna , crowning , cymbel ,
danseur noble , dean , dean of men , dean of women , diapason ,
director , diva , dominant , doyen , doyenne , dulciana ,
electronics king , equity capital , feature attraction , first ,
first tragedian , fixed capital , floating capital , flute stop ,
focal , foremost , foundation stop , fourniture , front , fugleman ,
fund , gamba , gedeckt , gemshorn , genius , great , harmonic flute ,
head , headliner , headmaster , headmistress , headmost , heavy lead ,
hegemonic , hero , heroine , high priest , higher-up , highest , honcho ,
hybrid stop , important , important person , investment ,
jeune premier , key , king , kingfish , kingpin , koppel flute , larigot ,
laureate , lead , leader , leading , leading lady , leading light ,
leading man , luminary , magisterial , maiden , main , major ,
managing director , master , master spirit , melodia , mixture , money ,
moneyed capital , mutation stop , nazard , nonpareil , oboe , octave ,
organ stop , outstanding , overriding , overruling , owner , paragon ,
paramount , personage , piccolo , plein jeu , posaune , predominant ,
preeminent , premier , preponderant , president , prevailing ,
prima ballerina , prima donna , primal , primary , prime , prodigy ,
prominent , proprietor , protagonist , provost , quint , quintaten ,
rank , ranket , ranking , rector , reed stop , register , resources ,
rohr flute , ruler , ruling , senior , sesquialtera , shawm , singer ,
sovereign , spitz flute , star , starring , stellar , stop ,
stopped diapason , stopped flute , string diapason , string stop ,
supereminent , superintendent , superior , superman , superstar ,
supervisor , supreme , the greatest , the most , tierce , top dog ,
topflight , topmost , tremolo , trombone , trumpet , twelfth ,
unda maris , uppermost , venture capital , vibrato , vice-chancellor ,
viola , virtuoso , voix celeste , vox angelica , vox humana ,
working capital


PRINCIPAL. This word has several meanings. It is used in opposition to accessary, to show the degree of crime committed by two persons; thus, we say, the principal is more guilty than the accessary after the fact. 2. In estates, principal is used as opposed to incident or accessory; as in the following rule: "the incident shall pass by the grant of the principal, but not the principal by the grant of the incident. Accessorium non ducit, sed sequitur suum principale." Co. Litt. 152, a. 3. It is used in opposition to agent, and in this sense it signifies that the principal is the prime mover. 4. It is used in opposition to interest; as, the principal being secured tho interest will follow. 5. It is used also in opposition to surety; thus, we say the principal is answerable before the surety. 6. Principal is used also to denote the more important; as, the principal person. 7. In the English law, the chief person in some of the inns of chancery is called principal of the house. Principal is also used to designate the best of many things as, the best bed, the best table, and the like.
PRINCIPAL, contracts. One who, being competent to contract, and who is sui juris, employs another to do any act for his own benefit, or on his own account. 2. As a general rule, it may be said, that every person, sui juris, is capable of being a principal, for in all cases where a man has power as owner, or in his own right to do anything, he may do it by another. 16 John. 86; 9 Co. 75; Com. Dig. Attorney, C 1; Heinec. ad Pand. P. 1, lib. 3, tit. Sec. 424. 3. Married women, and persons who are deprived of understanding, as idiots, lunatics, and others, not sui juris, are wholly incapable of entering into any contract, and, consequently, cannot appoint an agent. Infants and married women are generally, incapable but, under special circumstances, they may make such appointments. For instance, an infant may make an attorney, when it is for his benefit; but lie cannot enter into any contract which is to his prejudice. Com. Dig. Enfant, C 2; Perk. 13; 9 Co. 75; 3 Burr. 1804. A married woman cannot, in general, appoint an agent or attorney, and when it is requisite that one should be appointed, the husband generally appoints for both. Perhaps for her separate property she may, with her husband, appoint an agent or attorney; Cro. Car. 165,; 2 Leon. 200; 2 Bulst. R. 13; but this seems to be doubted. Cro. Jac. 617; Yelv. 1; 1 Brownl. 134; 2 Brownl. 248; Adams' Ej. 174; Runn. Ej. 148. 4. A principal has rights which he can enforce, and is liable to obligations which he must perform. These will be briefly considered: 1. The rights to which principals are entitled arise from obligations due to them by their agents, or by third persons. 5.-1st. The rights against their agents, are, 1. To call them to an account at all times, in relation to the business of their agency. 2. When the agent violates his obligations to his principal, either by exceeding his authority, or by positive misconduct, or by mere negligence or omissions in the discharge of the functions of his agency, or in any other manner, and any loss or damage falls on his principal, the latter will be entitled to full indemnity. Paley on Ag. by Lloyd, 7, 71, 74, and note 2 12 Pick. 328; 1 B. & Adolph. 415; 1 Liverm. Ag. 398. 3. The principal has a right to supersede his agent, where each may maintain a suit against a third person, by suing in his own name; and he may, by his own intervention, intercept, suspend, or extinguish the right of the agent under the contract. Paley Ag. by Lloyd, 362; 7 Taunt. 237, 243; 1 M. & S. 576 1 Liverm. Ag. 226-228; 2 W. C. C. R. 283; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 201-203. 6.-2d. The principal's rights against third persons. 1. When a contract is made by the agent with a third person in the name of his principal, the latter may enforce it by action. But to this rule there are some exceptions 1st. When the instrument is under seal, and it has been exclusively made between the agent and the third person; as, for example, a charter party or bottomry bond in this case the principal cannot sue on it. See 1 Paine, Cir. R. 252; 3 W. C. C. R. 560; 1 M. &. S. 573; Abbott, Ship, pt. 3, c. 1, s. 2. 2d. When an exclusive credit is given to and by the agent, and therefore the principal cannot be considered in any manner a party to the contract, although he may have authorized it, and be entitled to all the benefits arising from it. The case of a foreign factor, buying or selling goods, is an example of this kind: he is treated as between himself and the other party, as the sole contractor, and the real principal cannot sue or be sued on the contract. This, it has been well observed, is a general rule of commercial law, founded upon the known usage of trade; and it is strictly adhered to for the safety and convenience of foreign commerce. Story, Ag. Sec. 423; Smith Mer. Law, 66; 15 East, R. 62; 9 B. & C. 87. 3d. When the agent, has a lien or claim upon the property bought or sold, or upon its proceeds, when it equals or exceeds the amount of its value. Story, Ag. Sec. 407, 408, 424. 7.-2. But contracts are not unfrequently made without mentioning the name of the principal; in such case he may avail himself of the agreement, for the contract will be treated as that of the principal, as well as of the agent. Story, Ag. Sec. 109, 111, 403, 410, 417, 440; Paley, Ag. by Lloyd, 21, 22; Marsh. Ins. b. 1, c. 8, Sec. 3, p. 311; 2 Kent's Com. 3d edit. 630; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 201; vide 1 Paine's C. C. Rep. 252. 8.-3. Third persons are also liable to the principal for any tort or injury done to his property or rights in the course of the agency. Pal. Ag. by Lloyd, 363; Story, Ag. Sec. 436; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 205, 206; 15 East, R. 38. 9.-2. The liabilities of the principal are either to his agent or to third persons. 10.-1st. The liabilities of the principal to his agent, are, 1. To reimburse him all expenses he may have lawfully incurred about the agency. Story, Ag. Sec. 335 Story, Bailm. Sec. 196, 197; 2 Liv. Ag. 11 to 33. 2. To pay him his commissions as agreed upon, or according to the usage of trade, except in cases of gratuitous agency. Story, Ag. Sec. 323; Story, Bailm. 153, 154, 196 to 201. 3. To indemnify the agent when he has sustained damages in consequence of the principal's conduct for example, when the agent has innocently sold the goods of a third person, under the direction or authority of his principal, and a third person recovers damages against the agent, the latter will be entitled to reimbursement from the principal. Pal. Ag. by Lloyd, 152, 301; 2 John. Cas. 54; 17 John. 142; 14 Pick. 174. 11.-2d. The liabilities of the principal to third persons, are, 1. To fulfill all the engagements made by the agent, for or in the name of the principal, and which come within the scope of his authority. Story, Ag. Sec. 126. 2. When a man stands by and permits another to do an act in his name, his authority will be presumed. Vide Authority, and 2 Kent, Com. 3d edit. 614; Story, Ag. Sec. 89, 90, 91; and articles Assent; Consent. 3. The principal is liable to third persons for the misfeasance, negligence, or omission of duty of his agent; but he has a remedy over against the agent, when the injury has occurred in consequence of his misconduct or culpable neglect; Story, Ag. Sec. 308; Paley, Ag. by Lloyd, 152, 3; 1 Metc. 560; 1 B. Mont. 292; 5 B. Monr. 25; 9 W. & S. 72; 8 Pick. 23; 6 Gill & John. 292; 4 Q. B. 298; 1 Hare & Wall. Sel. Dee. 467; Dudl. So. Car. R. 265, 268; 5 Humph. 397; 2 Murph. 389; 1 Ired. 240; but the principal is not liable for torts committed by the agent without authority. 5 Humph. 397; 2 Murph. 389; 19 Wend. 343; 2 Metc. 853. A principal is also liable for the misconduct of a sub-agent, when retained by his direction, either express or implied. 1 B. & P. 404; 15 East, 66. 12. The general, rule, that a principal cannot be charged with injuries committed by his agent without his assent, admits of one exception, for reasons of policy. A sheriff is liable, even under a penal statute, for all injurious acts, willful or negligent, done by his appointed officers, colore officii, when charged and deputed by him to execute the law. The sheriff is, therefore, liable where his deputy wrongfully executes a writ; Dougl. 40; or where he takes illegal fees. 2 E. N. P. C. 585. 13. But the principal may be liable for his agent's misconduct, when he has agreed, either expressly or by implication, to be so liable. 8 T. R. 531; 2 Cas. N. P. C. 42. Vide Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.; Agency; Agent.
PRINCIPAL, crim. law. A principal is one who is the actor in the commission of a crime. 2. Principals are of two kinds; namely, 1. Principals in the first degree, are those who have actually with their own hands committed the fact, or have committed it through an innocent agent incapable himself, of doing so; as an example of the latter kind, may be mentioned the case of a person who incites a child wanting discretion, or a person non compos, to the commission of murder, or any other crime, the incitor, though absent, when the crime was committed, is, ex necessitate, liable for the acts of his agent and is a principal in the first degree. Fost. 340; 1 East, P. C. 118; 1 Hawk. c. 31, s. 7; 1 N. R. 92; 2 Leach, 978. It is not requisite that each of the principals should be present at the entire transaction. 2 East, P. C. 767. For example, where several persons agree to forge an instrument, and each performs some part of the forgery in pursuance of the common plan, each is principal in the forgery, although one may be away when it is signed. R. & R. C. C. 304; Mo. C. C. 304, 307. 3.-2. Principals in the second degree, are those who were present aiding and abetting the commission of the fact. They are generally termed aiders and abettors, and sometimes, improperly, accomplices. (q.v.) The presence which is required in order to make a man principal in the second degree, need not be a strict actual, immediate presence, such a presence as would make him an eye or ear witness of what passes, but may be a constructive presence. It must be such as may be sufficient to afford aid and assistance to the principal in the first degree. 9 Pick. R. 496; 1 Russell, 21; Foster, 350. 4. It is evident from the definition that to make a wan a principal, he must be an actor in the commission of the crime and, therefore, if a man happen merely to be present when a felony is committed without taking any part in it or aiding those who do, he will not, for that reason, be considered a principal. 1 Hale, P. C. 439; Foster, 350.
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